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Expected Value Calculator

Find the expected value (mean) of a discrete random variable from its values and probabilities, with the variance and standard deviation.

Change the values and press Calculate to work out your own figures.

Enter the values and their probabilities, in the same order.

About values (x)The outcomes, separated by commas or spaces.
About probabilities p(x)One probability per value, adding up to 1.
Result
Expected value, E(X)
3.5
Variance
2.91666666667
Standard deviation
1.707825128

The expected value is 3.5.

The distribution
xP(x)x × P(x)
10.1666666666670.166666666667
20.1666666666670.333333333333
30.1666666666670.5
40.1666666666670.666666666667
50.1666666666670.833333333333
60.1666666666671
Show the working
  1. E(X) = Σ x × P(x) = 1 × 0.166666666667 + 2 × 0.166666666667 + 3 × 0.166666666667 + 4 × 0.166666666667 + 5 × 0.166666666667 + 6 × 0.166666666667 = 3.5
  2. Var(X) = Σ (x − μ)² P(x) = 2.91666666667

How to use it

Enter the values and their probabilities, in the same order.

Probabilities can be typed as decimals, fractions or percentages. Show the working gives the formula with your numbers in it.

Key facts

E(X) = Σ x P(x)

Fair games

A bet is fair when its expected value is 0. Lotteries and casino games have negative expected values for the player.

Questions

What is the expected value of a die roll?

3.5.

Must the probabilities add to 1?

Yes.

Formulas

E(X) = Σ x P(x)

Sources

Limitations

  • Probabilities can be typed as decimals (0.25), fractions (1/4) or percentages (25%).

Formula version 0.1.0Reviewed